Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that approximately 5.3 million Americans live with a long-term disability resulting from a TBI .
In 2020, there were approximately 214,110 TBI-related hospitalizations, and in 2021, there were 69,473 TBI-related deaths, averaging about 190 deaths per day .
CDC
TBIs are commonly classified into three categories based on severity: mild, moderate, and severe.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a widely used tool to assess the level of consciousness in individuals with TBI, with scores ranging from 3 (deep unconsciousness) to 15 (fully awake). A GCS score of 13–15 indicates a mild TBI, 9–12 a moderate TBI, and 8 or below a severe TBI .
One specific type of severe TBI is Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI), which involves widespread damage to the brain's white matter. DAIs are graded on a scale from I to III, with Grade III being the most severe. These injuries are often the result of high-speed motor vehicle accidents and can lead to prolonged unconsciousness or coma .
Verywell Health
The long-term outcomes for individuals with moderate to severe TBI can vary. According to the CDC, among those who received inpatient rehabilitation:
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- 22% died within five years of their injury.
- 30% experienced a decline in their daily lives.
- 22% remained the same.
- Only 26% showed improvement over five years .
Furthermore, TBI can reduce life expectancy by an average of nine years, highlighting the chronic nature of this condition.
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Individuals living with TBI may face a range of challenges, including:
- Cognitive impairments (e.g., memory and attention difficulties).
- Emotional and behavioral changes (e.g., depression, anxiety, irritability).
- Physical issues (e.g., sleep disorders, chronic pain).
These statistics, truly are just the tip of the iceberg that IS living with a Traumatic Brain Injury.